History and Etymology for faculty
Middle English faculty "power, ability, field of knowledge, branch of learning at a university," borrowed from Anglo-French faculté, borrowed from Medieval Latin facultāt-, facultās (Latin, "power, ability, opportunity, quantity available"), from Latin *falls, an earlier form of facilis "easy, accommodating" + -tāt-, -tās -TY — more at FACILE
NOTE: Latin facultās presumably developed from an original *faklitāts (via *fakl̥tāts > *fakiltāts > facultās), and hence is a doublet of facilitās "quality of being easily performed" (see FACILITY), a derivative formed after facilis had assumed its attested form (with *-klis > -chilis). The difference in meaning between the two derivatives suggests the original adjective *falls
may have meant something like "possessing the power, able" (whence "easily done," conforming to other adjectives in -ilis)
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